Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are now found everywhere, from electric vehicles and bikes to smartphones and tools. While these batteries are known for their high energy density and long lifespan, extreme temperatures can affect their performance and safety. In this blog, we discuss how cold weather impacts Li-ion batteries and what you can do to protect them.

How does cold affect Li-ion batteries?

Cold temperatures significantly impact the chemical processes within Li-ion batteries. At low temperatures, the chemical reactions responsible for charging and discharging the battery slow down. This can lead to lower capacity and slower charging and discharging times.

1. Reduced performance

At temperatures below 0°C, the battery may drain much faster. This is due to the increased internal resistance of the battery, making it harder to use energy efficiently. As a result, electric vehicles may have a shorter range, and devices like smartphones may shut down more quickly.

2. Damage from charging in the cold

One of the biggest risks of cold weather is charging the battery at too low a temperature. Charging below 0°C can lead to "lithium plating," where lithium deposits on the battery's anode. This can irreparably damage the battery and even become dangerous by causing a short circuit.

3. Safety implications

Although cold weather itself does not directly cause thermal runaway  (unlike high temperatures), damage from incorrect charging in cold conditions can lead to safety issues later when the battery warms up. Damaged batteries may have a higher risk of overheating and even explosion.

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